Linguistic Changes of an Individual in Migration Essay Example for Free

Linguistic Changes of an Individual in Migration EssayAs the world becomes increasingly globalised, we observe a rising trend where soulfulnesss migrate for informational and economic opportunities. The prestige of being educated in a highly ranked university and the prospects of higher paying jobs atomic number 18 definitely important pull factors for two intimate and international migration (Welch, 1970). When concourse move, they in like manner transfer the use of their existing lingual repertory to their array surface area. However, what might have been effective at pedestal might be interpreted un worryly when placed in diverse socioeconomic contexts. Hence, the relative rate of linguistic repertoire i possesses and how mobile argon ones run-in skills in the world determines how a migrant interacts with a new community.Consequently, this paper seeks to provide insight on how the relative repute of linguistic re addresss affects ones mobility and decisions i n community interactions. Drawing on Blommaerts study on the sociolinguistics of globalisation, this discussion will focus on how an individuals linguistic repertoire is being used to ones advantage inwardly the community. It also highlights the changes which occur when one attempts to transfer the same linguistic repertoire as the shift to a place of varying cultural and linguistic ability. As Blommaert suggests, placed resources are resources that are functional in one particular place but drive out become dysfunctional as soon as they are moved to other places (Blommaert, 2003). Essentially, this essay seeks to expound on the changes of ones linguistic repertoire and how it affects ones interactions with new communities resulting from migration.Linguistic repertoire refers to linguistic varieties acquired by an individual to different degrees of proficiency and for different uses (Crystal, 1990). The acquisition of linguistic repertoire thus extends not lonesome(prenominal) to the procurement of different types of language codes like position and Hindi, but also the speech styles and genres at heart each language.In light of this definition, this paper chooses to trace how ones use of language repertoire might change in the context of internal migration and international migration. With this in mind, a migrant from India who experienced both types of migration was chosen. India boasts twenty-two authorized languages as per the Constitution of India, where English is determined as the secondary official language and is used as lingua franca throughout India. Within the context of this paper, the experiences of the migrant serve to provide personal insight on language mobility within the transmigrational arena.Research methodology and background of intervieweeWith this in mind, a fifty minute interview was carried out on 16th October 2012 to gather substantial data in consecrate to provide a comparison between internal and international migration. The sole participant is Joshua Cherian, aged 24 who is currently pursuing a high education in Singapore. He was born and raised in Kerala, Southern India, after which he moved to Jamshedpur, Northern India to pursue a tertiary education before working in New Delhi. He was taught English at a young age and learnt Hindi during university, while his mother tongue is Malayalam.During the interview, questions were asked ranging from the interviewees experiences of language acquisition and his experiences in India and Singapore to language policies in India. Utilising his personal insights on adapting to different communities and observing it through the concepts provided in Blommaerts study, the relative value of linguistic repertoire consequently becomes more obvious not only from country to country but also within different areas of the community. phrase repertoire in internal migrationWithin India, it is said to have a de-facto three plus minus one language policy. Those who neither spea k the language of the soil nor the two official languages, English and Hindi, now have to grapple with learning four languages in order to pass the school systems and secure jobs within the modern-day sector (Laitin. D, 1989). Consequently, many people who migrate in the pursuit of education or jobs find it necessary to expand their language repertoire in order to compete for the chance of upward socioeconomic mobility within India. Joshua notes thatThere is a divide between the corporate world and industrial world, where managers and people in multinational companies speak in english, but those in manufacturing speak Hindi in work. In the north of India eachone speaks Hindi, so I had to learn Hindi. When I worked in Delhi, I spoke virtuallyly Hindi in my workplace, because I am a manager of labourers and those who just passed tenth standard, they just need to make something so they move intot need English. People who do software need to interact with clients overseas, so it i s important for them to speak English.Due the demands of his job, Joshua was required to expand his language repertoire to include fluent Hindi in order to communicate with his subordinates effectively. Although English could have sufficed in interacting with white-collar professionals, learning Hindi would have enabled Joshua to ensure a smooth running of operations that he was in charge with. As such, it is observed that migrants tend to expand their language repertoire within internal migration harmonise to which languages are virtually functional within their community.Furthermore, an expansion of linguistic repertoire also affects ones interaction the community. As immigrants acquire proficiency in more languages, there is a tendency to broaden their participation in various communities within the area that they have settled in. This is especially evident in Joshuas recountIn India you would have to know many languages in order to fit into different communities. University st udents will use English because it is prestigious. It shows you are sanitary educated. Outside of the education system, everyone speaks their own dialect or their own state language. I used to hang out with many friends when I was studying in Jamshedpur who came from all over India. I also managed to become my student governing bodys president, so speaking the many languages helped me reach out to a lot of people.Even though migrants who migrate within their home country experience a new environment, there are common cultural familiarities that they can relate to by being in the same country. Naturally, this allows them to assimilate into the communities easily since they already share similar cultural and national identities. Rather, this pre-existing factor enables immigrants like Joshua to interact with different groups of people. Such a preference is also extremely beneficial to an individual within a new community as they are able to called upon a large network of acquaintance s should they need help in the future. Hence, the broadening of ones interaction with many communities would be positively gibe to the acquisition of language repertoire because both serve the same purpose of helping the migrant assimilate well into the new environment they are in.Language Repertoire in International MigrationIn contrast to internal migration, ones use of language repertoire might decrease across different geographical spaces. It is noted that international migration denotes a shift to a foreign culture in which the values placed upon certain languages is different from ones original country. As such, many migrants would utilise a language within their repertoire that is widely used in the world. Joshua relates his experience moving from India to SingaporeWhen I first arrived in Singapore, everything was easy for me to get used to because I was already proficient in English. Even if I needed help, I could just go about anyone and they would reply me in English. I gullt even Hindi anymore because the friends and people I meet with speak only in English. maybe it is because there are so many races here so communication needs to be in a common language. Although I have friends from India here, they neer speak in their mother tongue Everyone would rather speak in English than HindiDespite Joshuas extensive language repertoire, he only speaks in English in Singapore, thereby showing a decrease in language repertoire employed in daily life. In most cases of international migration, migrants often move from the periphery to the core of the world system. As one attempts to transfer ones language repertoire from one country to another, the languages employed more frequently within the core global system would be more mobile compared to other languages.In particular, because Singapore is a multi-racial community, it requires English as a lingua franca in order to achieve cohesiveness and efficiency. Consequently, rather than expanding ones linguist ic repertoire to gain access to every community, a migrant in Singapore need only focus on speaking proficient English, which subsequently narrows his language repertoire within the host country.Parallel to ones decrease in language repertoire, it is observed that migrants narrow their participation to a few communities that they are comfortable with. While migrants who migrate internally tend to broaden their participation in a wide array of communities, people who migrate internationally prefer to focus their efforts in interacting with a particular community where they feel most comfortable with. Joshua, expresses that I like to be in a place where I can interact with people well. When I came to Singapore, everybody spoke Singlish. It was especially hard for me to understand the jokes of my Singaporean friends. Thats why I wanted to be in a Christian group, so I went around to look for churches and even joined the varsity Christian fellowship. Then I found a church cell group to be in and we could talk about common things, at least everyone there understands what I am going through when I talk about my struggles and life. I dont meet with the Indian community much because everyone here speaks English anyway and I am more comfortable speaking in English, so when I talk about God and faith, I dont get any puzzled looks when I am with church peopleFor most immigrants, being in a foreign community could be unsettling because there exists stark differences in culture that they might not understand. In Joshuas case, not being able to understand Singlish hindered his active participation in various communities, especially in understanding humour within the sociocultural context of Singaporean society. As such, by participating in communities with specific shared beliefs that the migrant can identify with, it could be easier for him to assimilate into a new environment. Communities with shared beliefs also tend to share a similar use of register in their daily spee ch.Drawing on Joshuas case of finding a christian community, a christian setting could be more comfortable for him because he understands the semantics of words such as communion and faith used frequently in that community. Additionally, by narrowing ones participation to few communities, individuals would have more time to spend more effort on forging nigher relationships within a particular communities. This in turn could be more beneficial to the migrant as this niche area of society provides a source of emotional support for the migrant in order to cope with the anxiety of being away from home.ConclusionWhat Joshua has experienced demonstrates the constant change of the value of language resources as he shifts between places in migration. This relative value of ones linguistic resources is largely due to cultural and socioeconomic factors that have wrought the community to place emphasis on certain languages and speech styles. As such, an immigrants increase or decrease langua ge repertoire is largely bear on by the placed importance of certain languages within their host communities.In conclusion, this paper has asserts that language mobility is profoundly affected by the changing values of linguistic resources which vary from place to place, especially when there is a shift of resources from the periphery to the core of the world system. Whether one participates in a wide number of communities or chooses to focus their efforts in a single community depends on a change in ones use of his language repertoire.References0. Blommaert, J. (2003). Commentary A Sociolinguistics of Globalization. Journal of Sociolinguistics 7/4, 2003 607-6230. Crystal, D. (1990). A Liturgical Language in a SociolinguisticPerspective. In D. R.C.D. Jasper (eds),Language and the worship of the church (Basingstoke Macmillan), 120-460. Laitin D. D. (1989). Language Policy and Political schema in India. Policy Sciences, Vol. 22, No. 3/4, Policymaking in Developing Countries (1989), pp. 415-4360. Welch F. (1970). Education in Production, Journal of Political Economy, 78 (1), January/February, 35-59

Management Essay Example for Free

Management EssayYour safety is important, updates have successfully prepared the enclosed form to taradiddle identity theft to creditors. Would you mind going to our website to fill out the customer information so that your order can be processed with our new database bundle? We are now offering RapidAssist, a parcel program that provides immediate technical support through our website to your employees and customers. To provide give way service, a new software named RapidAssist is now offered to provide you with immediate technical support from our website to employees and customers e. To provide you with easy access to the new parking lot, a new restriction policy has been touch off for A vehicle permits. The credit union now prohibits the cashing of double endorsed checks presented by our customers to make sure you dont suffer monetary losses. Our warranty goes into set up when we have receive the products registration card from the purchaser to supply you guaranteed pr otections. To help better your systems, we will be shutting down some(prenominal) systems Thursday afternoon to install upgrades.Regarding your request, the items listed above (printer toner and supplies) are being sent to your Oakdale office, referring to your telephone conversation on April 1. Kindly inform the subscriber whether or non your spokesman will be making an appearance in the near future. c. It is outstanding that we still managed the contract after the customer increased his demands, however our manager reacted with better transitions. By the way, we had some errors in the schedule but dont have to erase everything and start from the beginning. To ease the confirmation of this agreement, your negotiators push that the membership respond in the favorable. Our head manager was upset because I was sick in the time of the team meeting.

Causes and Treatments of Sepsis

Causes and Treatments of SepsisSepsis is a major cause of morbidity and death rate in hospitals today. It has been defined as the bodys response to an infection when beingnesss interest the body (Baudouin 2008). Its an infection which is caused by micro organisms or bacterias that invade the body. Sepsis wad lead to acute organ dysfunction fol let outed by multi-organ loser and death. In the primeval stages of sepsis the immune response can be characterised as a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) (Chamberlain 2008). This is the bodys response to a variety of gruelling clinical insults. It is characterised by the heraldic bearing of two or much of the fol junior-gradeing features Temperature 38C or 90/min, Respiratory rate 20/min or PaCO2 12 x 109/l altered mental status, bloodline glucose7.7mmol/l in absence of diabetes (LTHTR Sepsis Care Pathway 2009).Sepsis is defined as SIRS in response to infection (I, Mackenzie 2001).The live Sepsis campaign was launch ed in October (2002) aiming to increase awareness of sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock among healthcare staff and the general public, develop evidence based guidelines for the management of severe sepsis and discipline that guidelines are put to practice glob everyy. In the Nice Clinical guideline 50- acutely pale patients in Hospital they made key recommendations to ensure early identification of the acutely ill patient and prevent deterioration of condition thus reduce patient mortality, morbidity and length of stay, to reduce intensive care unit admissions and re admission.Initial management of a critic anyy ill patient includesImmediate assessment of the airway, breathing and circulationBaseline observations HR, RR, BP, O2 sats, capillary refill, EWS and AVPU to assess level of soulA brief historyA limited examination of the relevant systems of the body.A secondary assessment after stabilisation of the patient including a more thorough history, detailed examination by sy stem and appropriate investigations. The golden hour an early window of opportunity immediate resuscitation with oxygen and fluids prevents secondary spot to organs as a result of hypoxemia and hypovalaemia helping to reduce mortality and morbidity. The timing of clinical intervention is essential to the survival of septic patients (Chamberlain 2008).Respiratory failure is mutual and may develop at any stage so repeated assessments are necessary. A depressed conscious level is the most common cause of airway obstruction (I, Mackenzie 2001). A clear airway does not indicate effective breathing. Failure of gas exchange may be caused by lung problems (pneumonia, lung collapse, pulmonary oedema), failure of the mechanics of ventilation. Respiratory failure is suggested by signs of respiratory distress including dyspnoea, increased respiratory rate, use of accessory muscles, cyanosis, confusion, tachycardia, sweating. The diagnosis is made clinically but may be confirmed by pulse oxime try and arterial blood gases. Patients with a depressed conscious level may not act normally to hypoxia and signs of respiratory failure may be difficult to detect. Patients with inadequate ventilation, gas exchange or both require ventilatory support. This usually necessitates canulisation and mechanical ventilation although in some patients gas exchange and oxygenation can be improved by the application of continuous positive airway crush (CPAP) by face mask or non-invasive ventilation. As per LTHTR sepsis care highroad (2009) high flow oxygen to be given to maintain a pit of 94% using a non rebreath mask. Oxygen to be reduced when patient stable. In critically ill patients, high concentration oxygen should be administered immediately and this should be recorded afterwards in the patients health record (BTS guideline for emergency oxygen use in adult patients 2008).Tachycardia and hypotension are almost universal findings in the septic patient and result from a number of card iovascular problems. In early sepsis, and in patients who have been partially or fully fluid resuscitated, the low blood compact and high heart rate are associated with a high cardiac railroad siding and a low peripheral vascular unsusceptibility with warm peripheries and bounding pulses. In contrast, patients who have not been significantly resuscitated or have bequested late in the course of their malady have a low cardiac output and high systemic vascular resistance. These patients are peripherally cold, sweaty, with weak, thready pulses and they need urgent resuscitation. However resuscitation aims to restore circulating volume, cardiac output and reversal of hypotension (I, Mackenzie 2001).Initially infuse i/v crystalloid or colloid rapidly guided by the clinical response. The optimal resuscitation fluid however, remains the subject of debate. nomadic resuscitation of severe sepsis may consist of natural or artificial colloids or crystalloids. Fluid challenge should be ad ministered and repeated based on response (increase in blood pressure and urine output) and tolerance (V, Jean-louis 2004). Administering large volumes of fluid to patients with known cardiac disease or myocardial dysfunction related to their acute illness is a problem. Ronco, C et al (2004) argued that it is the quantity of fluid given rather than the type of fluid explaining that more crystalloid is needed to achieve the same effect as colloid but colloids are more expensive and carry their own dangers. Adequacy of fluid infusion can be facilitated by repeated fluid challenges in which a pre defined amount of fluid e.g. 250 or 500mls is in fused over a set time. Sherman et al (2007) states that aggressive volume resuscitation and administering broad spectrum antibiotics should be given early to all septic patients using 2-4litres of normal saline. All patients should be monitored closely to see the response to resuscitation (urine output mental status, BP). If the patients blood pressure is 40mmgh lower than the patients normal BP fluid challenges nacl 0.9% 500ml given over 5-10mins (ALERT 2003). LTHTR Sepsis Care Pathway 2009 states if patient hypotensive give up to 3 boluses of 500ml (0.9% Saline) to maintain MAP65/systolic 100mmgh. urinary catheter hourly urine measurements.Perform investigations to confirm or clarify problems that are clinically evident, or to look for complications that are likely. Bloods including FBC, coagulation screen, UE, Liver function, Amylase, cardiac enzymes, Glucose, blow and ABGs. Other tests may include a blood glucose, ECG and chest x-ray. You may consider sending samples for microbiology to confirm the presence of infection, i.e. blood cultures should be taken, lethargy if suspecting chest infection and mid-stream urine (MSU) or catheter specimen of urine f suspecting urine infection. Blood cultures are only to be taken when in that respect is clinical need to do so and not as routine (DOH 2007). Indepth search for the source of sepsis with rapid institution of appropriate antibiotic therapy. Delayed or initially ineffective antibiotic therapy has been shown to be associated with worse prognosis and if it is important that all likely microbial culprits are covered by the empiric antibiotic which can be altered when culture results are available (Ronco, C et al 2004).Monitoring is not dependent on expensive equipment, but it requires the continuous presence of trained nursing staff. Clear documentation aids the assessment of subtle changes in the patients clinical state. Patients with severe SIRS / sepsis should have observations recorded hourly. Record body temperature, pulse, blood pressure, urine output, CVP, respiratory rate and SpO2 (if available). Accurate fluid balance is essential. An accurate Early Warning Score is essential as per LTHTR trust protocol on with every set of observations taken. EWS used widely throughout the trust it acts as an assessment of recognising deterioration in pa tients an identifies at risk patients. It requires the charting of observations such as systolic BP, HR, RR on a regular basis each is given a score from 0-3 and then added together to give an EWS. This is then used to trigger elevate assessment of the patient by senior nursing or medical staff and referral to critical care outreach who support nurses at ward level to acquire early detection and treatment to prevent intensive care admissions. Early detection and recognition of a patient that is deteriorating is vital (DOH 2007).The initial antibiotic prescription(prenominal) is a best guess, and will depend on the clinical picture of the patient, local patterns of antibiotic resistance and the local availability of antibiotics. It should be broad exuberant to cover the most likely pathogens, but not so broad as to encourage antibiotic resistance. The advice of a local microbiologist or infectious diseases medical specialist is valuable. Surviving Sepsis Campaign (2008) states t he choice of antibiotics should be guided by the susceptibility of likely pathogens in the community and the hospital, as well as any circumstantial knowledge about the patient, including drug intolerance, underlying disease, the clinical syndrome. The regimen should cover all likely pathogens since there is little margin for error in critically ill patients. There is ample evidence that failure to initiate appropriate therapy promptly (i.e., therapy that is active against the causative pathogen) has adverse consequences on outcome. Although restricting the use of antibiotics, and peculiarly broad-spectrum antibiotics, is important for limiting super infection and for decreasing the development of antibiotic resistantpathogens, patients with severe sepsis or septic shock warrant broad-spectrum therapy until the causative organism and its antibiotic susceptibilities are defined. Shermon et al (2007) states that early use has been clearly demonstrated to reduce the mortality in seps is an if no known source of infection is present then give broad spectrum antibiotic therapy to cover aerobic and anaerobic infections. LTHTR Sepsis Care Pathway (2009) states antibiotics to be given in first hour and all antibiotics to be reviewed after 48hours.Medical staff have been implicated in the spread of infectious agents between patients. All staff must wash their hands earlier and after attending to a patient. Equipment should not be shared between patients if possible, but where this is necessary the equipment should be thoroughly cleaned between patients. Staff should encourage themselves and their clothes from becoming contaminated with biological material by wearing disposable aprons and gloves. Visitors should be discouraged from moving between patients. Wounds, including drain sites and intravenous cannulae sites, should be inspected, cleaned and dressed at regular intervals. Intravenous cannulae and central lines should be removed as soon as practical. Ensure co rrect documentation is filled in i.e. Vascular access device tool, wound charts and care plans as per trust protocol.In conclusion sepsis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitals today. Many authors have looked at best practice in the early recognition and treatment of sepsis. It is vital that nurses and clinicians recognise and treat critically ill patients for the best outcome to reduce the risk of deterioration and potential cardiac arrests. NPSA (2007) Recognising and responding appropriately to early signs of deterioration in hospitalised patients. Within LTHTR trust and other trusts there are many policies in ensuring this with the early recognition policy, early warning scores to help assist the staff on recognising the deteriorating patient and sepsis care pathway to assist with the treatment of the deteriorating patient. With the use of these policys and the help of critical care outreach teams within the trust early recognition and treatment within the golden hour reduces the morbidity and mortality thus educing admissions into the intensive care unit. It appears that there remains much discussion into which fluid works best during fluid resuscitation. Trust protocols should be followed. recognition of at risk patients can only be achieved by appropriate and timely assessment and monitoring. Nice made key recommendations in patients at risk policy, assessment and monitoring, response, critical care and staff competencies the LTHTR policy Procedure for the timely recognition and response for patients at risk of deterioration encompasses these key recommendations. There is no predictive scoring system which gives accurate predictions of outcome for individual patients. Survival from an episode of severe sepsis is dependent the patients age, previous health and the time delay before the onset of medical intervention, as well as the appropriateness and quality of medical care. Few countries have limitless resources, and so difficult decisions face all intensive care doctors when deciding between the potential benefits for one critically ill patient and need for provision of healthcare to several less critically ill patients (I, Mackenzie 2001).Word Count 2008

LOreal Strategic Management Change

LOreal Strategic Management Change1. INTRODUCTION.During the last years the organizations have been spill finished a process of expanding their barriers to pass off advanced food marts across the globe, this process in existn as globalization, this describes the process by which societies, refinements, and economies happen to be integrated creating a massive market every last(predicate) oer the world in which different companies nates be part of.The following report was made upon LOreal analyzing how every acquirement made by the smart set was a fundamental part to pay back the leader and biggest augmentative comp any in the beauty persistence, how did they arrive the US market by acquiring the master(a)(prenominal) US deformitys at that particular time, and fin eachy it will analyze their use strategies and market challenges showing how brisk strategic partners back make possible whole tone-up with globalization.The centre of attention of the report will be c enter on the internal and external influences to LOreal, and how globalization could affect policies and decisions made by the ac caller.LOreal was created by Eugene Schueller in France 1907 and named later his first product LAureole, the aim of this French chemist was to create the first synthetic hair-color product ever made and then origin selling it within France and perhaps some parts of Europe, however, as the time goes by, LOreal positioned as the leader in European hair color market and fell care, but this wasnt beneficial enough for them, as they wanted to buy the farm radical markets as the American, and Asian, therefore, LOreal made certain acquisitions, as well as the implementation of new market strategies and corporate strategies to favoredly reach their goals.1.1 SWOT ANALYSIS THEORY.Now the first part of the report will be focus on the primary internal and external influences that the company is ex variegateject to, to be adequate to analyze this influenc es, I would a identical to use the SWOT analysis which is a strategic prep method to rank the internal and external itemors that are contributing or retaining the company to succeed their goals, The strengths and weaknesses refer to the company and its products whereas the opportunities and threats are usually taken to be external factors over which the company has no control. SWOT analysis involves understanding and analysing the strengths and weaknesses and identifying threats to the business as well as opportunities in the marketplace. Once that is done, we can then attempt to exploit strengths, overcome the weaknesses, grasp the opportunities and defend the organization against threats. This is one of the more or less important parts of the planning process. SWOT analysis asks the questions that will change you to decide whether your company and the product will really be able to fulfil your plan and what the constraints will be.11.2 STRENGTHS.LOreal has gone through diff erent types of management from their creator, to the chief operating officer Owen Jones, Jones management style has brought to the company a revolution from a French based cosmetic company to a world leader in the cosmetic industry, LOreal main ability is to acquire local cosmetic brands (Ralph Lauren Fragrances, Helena Rubinstein)2 re-arrange their operational dodging and finally place them in a better location among the competitors, their brand management has been a massive tool to position LOreal in the place they are, as every individual product and brand they manage is aiming to an specific incision of the different markets, rather than placing their products indiscriminately as every market has a different demand to be supplied.A nonher strength of LOreal that can be all the way identified is their patent desire to invest in Research and Development, with this we can assure that LOreal is an organization that is looking forward to implement the latest technology in all the ir products so that they can efficiently satisfy all their client needs. They spent and average of 3% of their revenue in R D, when the average of the industry is less than 2%3, LOreal is aware that in the days we live in, any advance in technology represents a competitive advantage and subsequently thats the crush manner to own a market.LOreal has also shown their strength when it ties to marketing campaigns as they know that in order to be successful internationally you must be flexible and able to adapt to new environments, and to be much specific you must e able to produce exactly what a customer is demanding, which is the fiber of Savannah-Based Carson, which had a 35% share of the US ethnic hair care market and established presence in South Africa, this market has an estimated value of 1 jillion dollars, according to LOreals product manager You cant pretend to be No 1 in the world and forget about 1 billion consumers of African origin41.3 WEAKNESSES.Now to look at the we aknesses of the company, even with the success of the globalization impact, LOreal havent done so much to diversify their products, rather than that, they have focused all their efforts in growth products for the main areas the acidulate on (hair, skin, make up, and perfume).With the US brands acquisition, LOreal split into 3 main product divisions, consumer, professional, and luxury, in his objective to be the world leader in the beauty industry, CEO Jones has focused his efforts on the consumer brands as they are easier to retail, and relatively less expensive therefore is not that intemperate to stool up a reliable data base, however the other 2 areas are very important as well an eventually if they focused their efforts on improving either one or even both of them the response whitethorn be positive and subsequently they will be able to reach a bigger portion of the market.5Another weakness of the company, and is commonly seen in this kind of organizations is the decentraliz ed organizational structure, with this I am referring to the flow of reading and control of the company due to many subdivision, this could affect the production level of the company because of the need of giving reference the other members of the board and directors of the company.1.4 OPORTUNYTIES.Due to the good performance of LOreal, they have had certain opportunities which they knew how to use, for example the market in Africa, as they had the vision to recognize the enormous potence of this market, now LOreal is the leader of this member, which wasnt very irresistible to the competitors, at the first stage because they didnt know that wad in Africa may be interested in this sort of products which lead them to lose interest for this plane section and as a consequence LOreal settle down as the leader of the industry by implementing their acquiring strategy along with specific marketing strategies, basically, LOreal realize that the main thing to take over Africa was to dev elop a product which completely satisfy the population , due to this, LOreal invest in a multi meg dollar research and development facility in Chicago to focus exclusively on the hair and skin needs of the people of African-American descent.6As stated before another big opportunity for LOreal to grow is to focus more on their line of dermocosmetics (anti-aging), as this area has a very weeny portion of the revenue and loting the research network they have, it would be interesting if the focused their efforts to create a new anti-aging product at affordable price and distributed through their channels to reach a bigger population.LOreal being the world leader of the beauty industry could diversify trying to enter new markets such like the clothing taking advantage of their well known name as they already have a strong influence over the new trends of look in terms of make up, hair and skin care.1.5 THREATS.In relation to the threats and challenges, even that LOreal is the market world leader there are some competitors in the industry and competitors for every single product division of LOreal (consumer professional luxury), competitors like Estee Lauder, Proctor Gamble, Revlon, and Max Factor, specially for the Japan market, which is the market that LOreal is aiming to control.LOreal is the world leader in the industry, however their competitors have been able to strategic place some of their products in the actual market, reason why LOreal is considering acquiring an other brand (Nivea) so that they can gain a better position in the European market.1.6 SWOT MATRIXSTRENGTHS* The ability to acquire new brands and transform then into new market leadersWEAKNESSES* Lack of diversity on their product catalogueOPPORTUNITIES* As they have all the knowledge and cognitive content they are able to explode new markets such like the African marketTHREATS* Some other competitors in the industry that currently are stronger in some other segments of the market like in AsiaNow that the SWOT analysis has been done, its clear that the reason of success of LOreal is the focus they have implemented on their strategies, as they have been able to identify internal and external influences that gives them a competitive advantage over the rest of the competitors in the industry, as they know exactly where do they want to be, how are the going to achieve their goals, and what is the best way to get to that desire success.Profit margins are easily destroyed when companies focus on internal issues versus the external conditions that affect customers. receipts comes from the outside, from customers buying products or services, not from implementing new technology, re-engineering business processes or building great teams. Focusing on external rives increases the bottom line. In fact, by unsteady to an external focus, companies can often increase profits from 5 to 10 percent. An external focus, however, means more than just gathering competitive and market intelligence. It takes more than empty customer-centred rhetoric. It starts with the CEO and requires core behaviours to focus on where the money comes from.72. GLOBALIZATION.The second part of this report will be analyzing the following topics* The impact of globalization in the organization.* How does it affect their policies and decision making,* How effective has LOreal been according to this new situation.2.1 CONCEPT OF GLOBALIZATIONAs stated in Time International (1999), globalization means that countries, economies, companies or people in general are coming closer together. This is not because they are forced to do so, but because they want to do so. In fact they want so much to come closer to others that they cannot help themselves. As worldwide communications get better, information, technology, people and financial flows move faster. The cultural assumptions and exposit of democracy and free markets spread and become more readily accepted. This very attractive and almost irresistible globalization process becomes more widespread8.Friedman (2000) states that the driving force behind globalization is free market capitalism, which uses free trade and competition to create virtual rulers of the world markets. These very powerful capitalists make economies to increase and be efficient. With the opening up of world markets, globalization has become a major force shaping both management theory and practice. Forces of globalization have been accelerating and, as such, are shaping policies and behaviours of nation states as well as corporate entities all over the world.92.2 How did LOreal become the biggest beauty company?The acquisition strategy implemented by LOreal guide them to be the world leader company in the beauty industry all these US acquisition they made created a sub division within their products catalogue, consumer, professional, and luxury, LOreals success is a clear example of how to implement a corporate strategy and manage a brand internat ionally to achieve a massive growth even when the market they sell their products in isnt very steady, the distinguish was to understand and successfully satisfy the needs of every customer through its products like they did with the Wet Lipstick in Japan, or the Research and Development process they carry out to satisfy the afro-American customer needs. LOreal has the capacity to reach more people across the world than any other beauty company thanks to their distribution channels and also is able to interpret a bigger income rather than other companies due to their big products catalogue.2.3 The Acquisition process.As stated in the case, the success of LOreal was achieved thanks to all the acquisitions made through out the world and especially in the US, all the process began by acquiring Ralph Lauren, and Helena Rubinstein which was a cosmetic maker with international distribution, after louvre years of negotiating process LOreal took full ownership of both companies. The next acquisition of the company was Redken in 1994 however the new products launched under LOreals ownership werent successful so they decide to rename the company to Redken 5th Avenue NY.Following their process the next company to be acquired was Maybelline which was the third largest company completely based in the US and it was very attractive due to their anti-aging line that was very eye-catching to young population, in the market this is very representative for LOreal as this will mother a new image to the company renewing the old French fashion, turning it into a fresh young image.Soft Sheen and Carson was a key element in the acquisition process as they brought a whole new market to the company that hasnt been taken care of because the current competitors didnt realize that that segment of the population may be interested in this sort of products, and in addition LOreal invested 3% of their revenues in research and development to create a new product specially for them.In the 2 000 LOreal bought Matrix focusing on their professional line supplying the need of hairdressers and beauty saloons with a high quality standart.The most important acquisition made by LOreal was made in the 2000, they bought Kielhs after a three year countership, the owners finally agreed to sell their company after they realize that they couldnt meet the demand, however some of the employees werent very happy about the new acquisition as they thought that the company wont have any independence left after LOreals take over, this new acquisition was very important for the company as Kielhs could bring a better position colligate to the store high-end segment of the business.2.4 WHAT WAS THE ROLE OF ACQUISITIONS IN THIS GROWTH?The prospect of increasing profitability and market share by acquisitions continues to exercise a more alluring and immediate appeal to business leaders than a reliance on growth alone. There has always been a substratum of mergers, acquisitions and, indeed, di vestments in all essential economies. until now, the extent of this depends on the buoyancy of the economy. The periodic rise and fall of such activity has heightened debate among managers, academics, politicians, and regulators about acquisition activity and their benefits, as well as ethical considerations (Vinten, 1992). Mergers and acquisitions (MA) have a unique potential to transform firms, and to contribute to corporate renewal (Angwin, 2001). They can help a firm renew its market position at a speed not achievable through internal development (Haspeslagh and Jemison, 1991 Harrison, 2002). 10Value creation is the important objective in successful acquisitions. Yet, empirical and other studies continue to highlight the low success rates associated with acquisitions. No matter how attractive is the business opportunity associated with an acquisition process, value is not created until capabilities are transferred, and people from both organisations collaborate in order to cre ate the expected benefits and the unpredicted opportunities. This collaboration relies on the will and ability of managers from both organisations to work together towards a new future. The key to integration is to obtain the participation of the people involved without compromising the strategic task. Finding similar organisational cultures and management styles has become a common panacea for avoiding employee dissatisfaction that could undermine MA performance. Different authors agree that it is important to consider cultural compatibility as a criterion for screening potential candidates for MA. On the other hand, managing the cultural differences has been proved as a more realistic and successful strategy in integration processes than finding the ideal culture fit. Buono and Bowditch consider that successful integration can be achieved even between diversified organisational cultures. This viewpoint is adopted in this exploratory study. It examines the strategies being used by executives that encourage employees diversity tolerance while allowing for learning to occur within parent and acquired firm. It looks at the strategies the firms implemented to facilitate the units to work together, and integrative practices involving firms within the very(prenominal) industry but from different countries and contrasting corporate values. In bringing together firms with different skills and knowledge bases, acquisitions create unique learning opportunities for the partner firms. As recently argued by management researchers, knowledge and the capacity to create, transfer, transform and utilise it are the most important sources of a firms sustainable competitive advantage11.Acquisitions have play a very important role in LOreals growth, particularly in their expansion through out the world, the more companies the acquire the bigger LOreal was getting as well as their profit, in 1996 they bought Maybelline for $758 million dollars and began a complete restructuration of the brand, starting from moving the headquarters within the regular army.With all the restructuration LOreals CEO Owen Jones successfully achieved to reach from 3% to 15% on the nail market, they have also raise their sales in nearly a 100% and positioned Maybelline in over 70 countries. globalisation has had a very positive impact over LOreal as due to this they had the need to reorganize their company making some sort of decisions like relocating their headquarter for the regular army operations in Chicago so that they can have control of all the operations taking place in America in a central place where they can keep track of all their progress, this has also brought another issue related to globalization which is the technology, LOreal has invested 3% of their revenue in developing new products where the average of investment in this field in the industry is around 2%, technology has also brought new channels of communication where they can easily be in touch within the c ompany and also they have been able to use cost-efficient distribution channels thanks to their acquisition of Soft sheen-Carson as they had developed cheap delivery systems.2.5 LOREAL EFFECTIVENESSLOreal has been going through a massive change since their beginning as they started their business creating a synthetic hair-color product to be sold in France and probably around Europe, the response of the people to the product was so good that the company decided to enter the beauty market, diversifying their product catalogue not only to hair care but to skin care as well, with the result of being the market leader. However the effectiveness of the company is not very clear at this stage as the product by itself cant guarantee the success of the company, instead of that, a good strategic management along with a visionary CEO can bring a major strength to the organization and will build confidence within the company to achieve their goals as they stated at the beginning, well, this is the case we are analyzing, as previously stated, CEO Owen Jones had the vision to expand the boundaries of the company by acquiring strategic partners that can contribute to a massive growth for LOreal, his leadership enables him to see and opportunity of expansion taking advantage of the globalization boom and his vision of opportunities where the competitors didnt see anything was a key to succeed in some parts of the world, LOreal was bright enough to understand that the needs or likes of the people in America were not the same as the people in Asia or in Africa reason why they decided to create products for every single market and this gave them the opportunity to be the world leaders in the market. After all this facts it is clear that LOreal has had a very effective response to the new ever-changing environment as they are prepared to adapt to new situations and is a company willing to deal with organizational change, this is a enormous benefit for the company as they can eas ily gain competitive advantage at a low cost of opportunity.2.6 IMPROVEMENT AREAS.LOreal is the world leader company in the beauty industry thanks to their brilliant management and their products however there is always a little extra that can be done to reach that additional little piece of the market. In my point of view I would suggest that the company hire an Asian Marketing Manager hopefully with a strong Japanese background in order to be able to completely take over this market as this market has a large potential which was proved with the Wet Lipstick, perhaps if they invest some part of their revenue in research and development as the did with the African market, they might get a very good response as all the markets should be kept in mind as a big opportunity.LOreal could also consider expanding to the Latin American market and specially the South American, now that they control the US market (North America), they can implement their expansion strategy to take over centra l and south America which is a market that havent been explode yet or not as much as they could. LOreal could implement the same strategy implemented by Dell in Brazil, as they decided to relocate their plant in South America (Brazil) in order to manage all the market from there, taking advantage of the Mercosul market which enables the company to save on taxes within the continent.And finally LOreal should consider to extent their products catalogue to clothing and accessories as this may give them a competitive advantage over the rest of the companies in the same industry, it is very important to try to be always one step ahead of the company and be visionary in order to predict what the market wants and how to supply that demand.2.7 CONCLUSION.After analyzing this case it is clear how important is to have a good strategic management and understand how the environment can affect every organization from the most insignificant change to any huge change that may involve any of the de cisions of the company, its understandable that the vision of the CEO of the company can bring success to the organization and build a good know how that will enable the company to enter new markets.2.8 REFERENCES.1 Westwood, John. How to Write a Marketing Plan (3rd Edition).London, GBR Kogan Page, Limited, 2006. p 27.2 LOreal and the globalization of American beauty, Page 5.3 LOreal and the globalization of American beauty, Page 15.4 LOreal and the globalization of American beauty, Page 9.5 LOreal and the globalization of American beauty, Page 2.6 LOreal and the globalization of American beauty, Page 9.7 Emerald Insight Staff (CB). Change Strategies.Bradford, GBR Emerald Group produce Limited, 2004. p 4.8 Samli, A. Coskun. In Search of an Equitable, Sustainable Globalization The Bittersweet Dilemma.Westport, CT, USA Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated, 2002. p 21.9 Samli, A. Coskun. In Search of an Equitable, Sustainable Globalization The Bittersweet Dilemma.Westport, CT, USA Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated, 2002. p 34.10 Emerald Insight Staff (CB). Mergers and Acquisitions.Bradford, , GBR Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2005. p 4.11 Emerald Insight Staff (CB). Mergers and Acquisitions.Bradford, , GBR Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2005. p 5.

Earnest Hemingways Farewell To Arms English Literature Essay

Earnest Hemingways valediction To Arms English Literature EssayThesis Farewells to arms by Earnest Hemingway concentrates on negative impacts of state of warfarefare, overall dismissal and how it affects quite a little by making them lose the capacity for lesson judgment and rational thought.I. IntroductionII. abbreviated synopsis of A Farewell to ArmsIII. Factors that actuate Ernest Hemingway to write the novelIV. Symbolism in the novelThe rainCatherines hairV. The theme of servicemanly concernThe harsh cosmos of warLove and paroxysm tend from manVI. Negative impact of the warV. ConclusionA Farewell to ArmsA Farewell to Arms is an autobiographical novel written amid 1899 and1961 by Ernest Hemingway and first published in 1929.The novel was written through a view point of Lieutenant Frederic hydrogen, an American who serves as an ambulance leaser in the Italian army during the First Worlds War. The novel is ab divulge a catastrophic romance between Catherine Barkley, a British nurse and Frederick Henry, an American soldier. A Farewell to Arms by Ernest Hemingway concentrates on negative impacts of war, overall loss and how it affects people by making them lose the capacity for moral judgment and rational thought.Brief synopsisHenry, temporary hookup serving in the front line of the Italian forces is wound on the knee by a mortar shell and is admitted to a hospital in Milan. While in the hospital, he meets Catherine whom he falls in be intimate with. The alliance blossoms in summer as they spent measure together in Milan. After three months of staying together, Catherine gets pregnant. Henry returns to his unit but after a brusque period, he engages in the battle of Caporetto where Austro-German forces overpowered the Italian forces and forced them to retreat. While escaping from the enemys onslaught, their car is stuck in the mud and when two sergeants engineers picked on the way refuse to take an order of assisting in getting the car out of mud, Henry kills one of them. On realizing that they will be killed, Henry and other drivers seek refuge in a farm house and resurface on the next day. Henry is seized by the battle police and after hearing that a Lt. Colonel had been executed Henry sets himself free from the grip of the battle police and launch into a river thus escaping from a attainable execution. Henry and Catherine reunite and using a boat, they flee to Switzerland. They live a quiet life in a mountainous region in Switzerland and after a while, Catherine goes into labor. After a painful and retentive labor, Catherine gives birth to a stillborn son, gets a Hemorrhage and in brief passes on leaving Henry who gets back to the hotel in the rain (Bakers 56).Factors that motivated Ernest Hemingway to write the NovelIn 1918, during the First World War, Hemingway joined the Italian departure cross as an ambulance driver, where the Italian forces allied to French, British and Americans were fighting against Ger many and Austrian Hungary. While serving in the Red Cross during the war, there are a number of experiences that prompted him to write the novel. The first experience occurred in July 8, 1918 when he together with three soldiers was hit by a trench mortar shell while crouching beyond the front line. Although Hemingway overstated the story over the years, it is clear that he was transferred to Milan where he falls in love with Agnes von Kurowsky, a Red Cross nurse. It is believed that the relationship between Henry and Catherine in the novel echoes Hemingways relationship with the Red Cross nurse. When Hemingway was working as a freelance journalist in Turkey and Greece, he witnessed the retreat of Greece army and its civilian which provided him a major foundation in writing his story .The story on retreat of the Italian troops was ground on his experience on the retreat of Greece army and its civilians. The work by some authors has had a major influence on Hemingway Novel. In 1921 when he wed his first of the four wives, he settled in Paris where he made important connections with American writers such as Ezra Pound and Gertrude Stein. In his sight of stories, In Our Time, he introduced Nick Adams one of his favorite authors whose difficult road from Youth into maturity he had recorded influenced him into writing his novels. Hemingway uses two major symbols to drive his point home by stating that war shows the juicy side of humanity and causes more harm than good.Symbolism in the NovelThe novel uses symbolic linguistic process to connect to readers emotion by sho shape upg how war can affect peoples mode of living and thinking which gists in them looking for an escapade that in the long run might have negative consequences. These symbols wrap up the major themes in the novel and are used by the writer in a big way. The widely used symbols are rain and Catherines hair.The rainIn the context of the novel, rain symbolizes the foreseeable collapse of a happy life. While Catherine and Henry were sleeping on Bed listening to the storm outside, Catherine introduces the meaning of the rain. As the rain dropped on the roof, Catherine admits the fact that rain frightens her and goes further to state that it has a endeavor of destroying things for lovers. In real life situation, meteorological phenomena do non have such power but symbolically, Catherine fears is shown to be prophetic where after a short while, doom befalls the lovers. After the remnant of Catherine, Henry leaves the Hospital and walks home in the rain. In this case, the falling rain verifies Catherines anxiety and confirms one of the argument of the novel that capacious love just like other things in the world however good or bad they may be do not at long last forever (Mellow 103).Catherines hairCatherines hair is an important symbol in the novel. In the early stages of their relationship, as Catherine and Henry lie in bed, Catherine takes down her hair and lets it ran ge over Henrys head. The fall of Catherines hair reminds Henry of being behind a water fall or enclosed in a tent. The picture exhibited by the hair stand as a symbol of the isolation of the couples from the world. With a fierce war somewhat them, they successful secure a wonderful seclusion which they believe is protected by something that is as delicate as hair. Later, when they are completely isolated from devastation of war and living in peace in Switzerland, they learn a cruel lesson that affection in the face of harsh reality is as short-lived and delicate as hair (Meyers 87)The impact of symbolic representation in defining the theme of RealismSymbols have been used well to define major themes in the novel and have been echoed in the theme of realism that encompass the harsh reality of war, love and pain, and escape from reality. The rain shows the reality that befalls Henry where he uses love as a guise in hurry away from war but ends up in tragedy. The war caused him to engage in a wrong relationship that supremely ended in death of Catherine and the baby. The reality within the symbol of the rain is that anything however genuine it is has a short lifespan and this is well exhibited in the love relationship he engages with Catherine that takes a short span. The delicate nature of the love affair is symbolized by Catherines hair. The symbols bring out the theme of realism in a number of ways.The harsh reality of warThe title of the novel is depicted in line of war which Frederic Henry struggles to set himself free from and leave it behind. Few characters such as Gino and Ettore Moretti delay the war but majority of them are hesitant well-nigh the war, doubtful of the glory it allegedly brings and resentful of the havoc it brings about. The novel provides a clear comment of the baseless chaos and senseless brutality brought about by the conflict. As the values and integrity of men in the society begin to disintegrate, the negative outlet is felt in the soldiers minds, nerves and their capacity for moral judgment and rational thought. For instance, Henry shoots an Engineer for refusing to help him free the car that had stuck in the mud, a violent outburst that contradict his coolly detached character. The murder of the engineer seemed to be justified because it is an expected result of violence and disorder of war (Waldhorn 76).Love and PainThe theme of realism is depicted well in the relationship between love and pain. Against the background of the ravages of war, Hemingway offers a mournful, deep mediation on the nature of love. Catherine initiates a game meant to seduce Henry while still mourning her dead fianc with an aim of distancing herself from the pain of her lost love. Love can bring about blow and can as well be used as a cure for the misery. Henry intends to move far away from war as possible and so together with his love, they find temporary solace from things that affect them. Henry understands how critical h is love for Catherine is, offsets any concern for abstract ideals such as fame in order to flee the war and look for her. This is a clear indication that love can go as far as distracting a psyche from everyday life. The tragedy faced by the couple show that love, however genuine it may be is always temporary as other things of the world as depicted in the symbol of the rain while at the same time it is as delicate as Catherines hair (Oliver, 68).Escape from realityEscape from reality expounds on the theme of realism in a number of ways. Henrys involvement with Catherine is aimed at escaping the insanity of war. Actually the extreme circumstance of the war brought the two together thus creating an environment that allowed them to fall in love. The love affair provides Henry an deliriously safe landing where he can confuse the reality of the war. Under normal circumstances, the relationship would not have occurred but due to the conditions that surrounded both Catherine and Henry, the relationship was initiated with ease. In order to escape the reality of war by getting into a love relationship with Catherine, Henry had misunderstood his actions. He had alienated himself from the environment of war which he believed had no plate in his life but when Aymo is killed by his own army, he discovers that he is not really separated at all from the events and gets into a reality that he is an integral part of the war and has no chance of avoiding it. At this instance, he gets scared and so in order to escape immediately, he separates himself through love. When Catherine is about to deliver her first child, Henry becomes nervous. Although the baby is the product of their love, he becomes an important tool in connecting Henry to the reality of his current situation even though the insanity of war is over. The symbol of the rain as prophesized by Catherines fear of the rain is well explained where neither Catherine nor Henry handles the situation at hand. Catherine sh ows her inability to screw with the situation physically through her death and the death of the child. Fredrick exhibits his inability to cope with the circumstances through his peculiar behavior such as getting stir of numbers over two (Bloom 88).Symbolism as used in explaining the Negative impact of the warBasing on the rain as a symbol, the ultimate decision of Henry abandoning the war and settling for love ends tragically which clearly signify that war has numerous negative effects. War forces people to engage in things that might seem good at the start but end in a bad note. Through the symbol of rain, the negative effect of war is well depicted where Henry engages in acts of escapism to evade insanity caused by the war. His escape from the negative reality of war ultimately leaves him a depress man. War is a major theme in the novel and defines many evils that result from its madness. Generally, war has defined human beings for many years and shows how deeply people hate eac h other. The novel has little combat but exhibits numerous effects of war. For instance the town, Gorizia, functions normally although there are people dying around it. More people die from diseases than in combat which is one of the effects of war. The act of war within the novel is involved in everything and this can be proved by the act of Henry and others making fun of the priest. Actually, war is always in the background. The confusion of war causes some members of the forces to engage in wrong acts in the name of duty. For instance Rinaldi and Fred chase their women and carry on with their duties. The action of chasing the women indicates that war moulds people who have no feelings and can thus do anything to win it. When the business of war commences, the men express their feeling about it where the drivers state that it is a conflict in terms of class struggle and so they were not willing to fight it at all. Shelling and shooting in the war results in injuries and death. He nrys legs are torn apart while one of his men is killed by an explosion which rocks them. War results in people losing their moral judgment and rational thought and thus engages in horrendous acts. For instance, Fred learns a shocking fact that the wounded soldiers must be left behind the hills as it is difficult to defend the mountains against attack by the Germans and so they retreat abandoning them instead of offering assistance to them. In this case, war promotes selfishness and kills the spirit of assistance as specified by wounded people being left in the battle field. Negative impact of the war gets intense as the retreat continues. Henry shoots and kills one of the engineers after they refused to take his orders and injures another who in the long run is killed by Bonello. It is apparent that the drivers do not want to be engaged in the war but they are forced to and develop heartlessness which in turn has negative effects on their conscience. Retreat by Italian forces broug ht about confusion where Italian officers panicked, started interrogating and executing anyone who was not Italian. This obviously shows that war causes people to lose their sense of humanity and allows impunity to sets in. The emotional effect of the war causes people to make wrong decisions and undertake wrong actions that under normal circumstances would not have happened. As a result of the war and quest to escape from it, Henry engages in a love relationship with Catherine. Although he managed to run away from the effects of the war, the end result of this love is tragic where both Catherine and the child die leaving Henry a dejected man. Despite the fact that the novel talks about the effects of the war, it fails to destine it harshly but states that war is an inevitable outcome of senseless and cruel world. Hemingway puts forward his opinion by stating that war is nothing more than murderous and dark extension of a world that fails to protect, acknowledge and proceed true l ove (Hemingway 12).ConclusionA Farewell to Arms written by Ernest Hemingway describes how war affects the moral judgment and rational thought of people. People make wrong decisions and end up in tragedies as symbolized by the rain in Henrys situation. For instance, Henry engages in a relationship that ends in the death of Catherine and their baby. War affects the economic, social and political aspect of any society as it is an extension of the world that fails to acknowledge, protect and preserve true love.

On the Road to New York :: Personal Narrative Traveling Essays

On the Road to New York There is a funny thing that happens when you travel. The people argon all the same. Sure they whitethorn talk with a slightly different accent, and they may dress in force(p) slightly differently, and may think just slightly differently. In the end they are basically the same thing, a human being.I recently took a trip. I was going to a conference in Ithaca NY. Round trip is most 3000 miles. Driving time is 20 hours one way. I drove it all by myself in as little time as possible. I cease up taking 24 hours to do it. It is quite a rigorous challenge to do it all in one shot.I can break the terrain into basically three things that you see plains, woods, and hills. Sometimes you would see an area that combined woods and hills, but that was usually in a mountainous area. Along the self-colored route you would switch back and forth between these three characteristics. ND and eastern MN are plains. Central and Western MN and Wisconsin are mostly heavy wood s with some lakes. On the plains the highway was pretty straight. Once you got to the woody areas, curves like no ones business. In Wisconsin the trees were son think that they had to cut a swath out just for the interstate crossovers that the HP use to change directions. This patch that was cut out was about fifty meter long. There was a patch of asphalt that was thrown down between the two highways which were about 30 meters apart. The green tops of the evergreens contrasted with the light brown tree trunks which extend up at least 60 feet. There were some small patches of green grass that filled in between the trees and the concrete of the highway. Every fifth exchange a brown Highway Patrol car with a pale yellow stripe down the middle and a low compose light bar would be sitting waiting for the next speeder. Maybe this helps them to blend in? Oddly enough my radar detector never went off. Were they just there to present the threat of being stopped?When I got out of Wisconsin Illinois, Indiana, Ohio and Pennsylvania pretty much look like ND. When you get to Chicago however things take a very different turn. Everything turns into an industrial style. Concrete everywhere, toll booths every 25 miles or so, no seemingly familiar sites other than a slightly wider patch of concrete called the interstate.

A Farewell To Arms Essay -- essays research papers

A Farewell to ordnance by Ernest Hemingway is based largely on Hemingways profess personal experiences. The main eccentric person of the book, Frederic total heat experiences many of the same situations that Hemingway experienced. Some of these experiences are exactly the same, while some are less similar, and some events have a completely different outcome.     A Farewell to Arms is the book of Frederic Henry, an American driving an ambulance for the Italian Army during World War I. The book takes us through Frederics experiences in war and his honor affair with Catherine Barkley, an American nurse in Italy. The book starts in the northern mountains of Italy at the beginning of World War I. Rinaldi, Frederics roommate, takes him to visit a nurse he has taken a liking to. Catherine Barkley, the nurse Rinaldi speaks of, is instantly attracted to Frederic and kindredwise.     At the front, Frederic is wounded in the legs and taken to an ai d station and thusly to an army hospital. He is then transferred to an American hospital in Milan where he meets up with Catherine again. Their love flourishes. They spend their nights together in Frederics hospital bed and their days going to restaurants, horse races and winning carriage rides.     Frederic returns to the war after his recovery. The war is going badly in Italy. The German troops forced a full-scale retreat. Soon after Frederics return, he deserts the war in a daring escape. Frederic leaves and meets a pregnant Catherine in Stresa.     The two go over to Switzerland where they spend an peaceful time time lag for the birth of their baby. Catherine has a long and difficult labor. Their baby is delivered dead. Catherine dies soon after from "one hemorrhage after another." After Catherine dies, Frederic leaves and walks back to his hotel. A Farewell to Arms is a story of love and pain and of loyalty and desertion set in the tragic time of war.     There are many similarities in the experiences of Ernest Hemingway and his character Frederic Henry in A Farewell to Arms. Hemingway and Henry were both involved in World War I, in a medical capacity, but neither of them were regular army personnel. Like Hemingway, Henry was shot in his right knee during a battle. Both men were Americans but were ambulan... ...ed, social responsibility, and social concern." Henry, like Hemingway, leads a private aliveness as a detached, isolated individual. He socializes with the officers, talks with the priest and visits the officers brothel, but maintains only superficial relationships. The only relationship that authority anything to him is Catherine, which is Hemingways Agnes, both of which are isolated relationships. Johnson says about Hemingway, "He will solve the problem of dealing with the world by taking refuge in identity and isolated personal relationships and sensations" (Ge llens 112-113). Happiness comes for Hemingway and Henry only when they are in these relationships, away from the pressures of society and their lives.     Ernest Hemingway once gave some advice to his fellow writer F. Scott Fitzgerald. If something in life hurts you, you should use it in your writing. In writing a Farewell to Arms, Hemingway followed his own advice. In many ways, Frederic Henry was a psychological parallel to Hemingway. The painful experiences of his own life, which were consciously and unconsciously placed in this novel, helped make it a major literary achievement.